Albert Eulenburg (August 10, 1840 - July 3, 1917) was a German neurologist who was a native of Berlin.
He studied medicine at the Universities of Berlin, Bern and Zurich, earning his doctorate 1861. Among his instructors were Johannes Peter Müller (1801-1858), Ludwig Traube (1818-1876) and Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870). Later he became a professor of pharmacology at the University of Greifswald, and in 1882, a professor of neurology in Berlin.
Eulenburg is remembered for his written works. His most ambitious work being the multi-volume Real-Encyclopädie der gesammten Heilkunde, which was published in four editions between 1880 and 1914. Later in his career he became interested in the field of sexology, and was co-editor of the journal Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft. In 1913, along with Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) and Iwan Bloch (1872-1922), he founded the Ärztliche Gesellschaft für Sexualwissenschaft und Eugenik. In 1902 Eulenburg penned a work on algolagnia, titled Sadismus und Masochismus (Sadism and Masochism).
Many of his publications dealt with the physiological side of neurology, and he is remembered for research involving the vasomotor centers of the brain. He was the first to describe a rare muscular condition known as paramyotonia congenita, which is sometimes referred to as "Eulenburg's disease".